Converting CHM to PDF in Linux

CHM files, known as Microsoft Compressed HTML Help files, are a common format for eBooks and online documentation. They are basically a collection of HTML files stored in a compressed archive with the added benefit of an index.

Under Linux, you can view a CHM file with the xchm viewer. But sometimes that is not enough. Suppose you want to edit, republish, or convert the CHM file into another format such as the Plucker eBook format for viewing on your Palm. To do so, you first need to extract the original HTML files from the CHM archive.
This can be done with the CHMLIB (CHM library) and its included helper application extract_chmLib.
In Debian or Ubuntu:

$ sudo apt-get install libchm-bin
$ extract_chmLib book.chm outdir
where book.chm is the path to your CHM file and outdir is a new directory that will be created to contain the HTML extracted from the CHM file. In other Linuxes, you can install it from source. First download the libchm source archive from the above website. I could not get the extract_chmLib utility to compile under the latest version 0.38, so I used version 0.35 instead.

$ tar xzf chmlib-0.35.tgz
$ cd chmlib-0.35/
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
$ make
After doing the 'make examples', you will have an executable extract_chmLib in your current directory. Here is an example of running the command with no arguments and the output it produces:
$ ./extract_chmLib                    usage: ./extract_chmLib 
After running the utility to extract the HTML files from your CHM file, the extracted files will appear in . There would not be an 'index.html' file, unfortunately. So you will have to inspect the filenames and/or their contents to find the appropriate main page or Table of Contents.
Now the HTML is yours to enjoy!

   I have learnt this from lots of available sites and main reference I have given below.

References:http://madphilosopher.ca/2006/09/how-to-convert-chm-files-under-linux/

Install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_32.tar.gz,Install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz in 64/32 bit in ubuntu/linux for firefox|Installing Adobe Flash Player in 32 and 64 bi ubuntu/linux for firefox|Installing latest version of Adobe Flash Player in ubuntu for firefox|Install latest Flash Player in ubuntu/linux for firefox|Installing Adobe flash player from source file for firefox.

To install flash player in ubuntu through source file is much easier as installing from binary file. when this post was written there was no debian file available for the current version of flash player although rpm package is available but no debian package available. Usually now flash player is coming as shared library which you have to put in a specified location and firefox and other browser will pick it automatically as follows. Download the source file for your machine from "here".

Now follow these steps:
Step 1:  Using the tar utility extract the file or right click on the file and extract the file.
Step 2:   Copy the file with ".so" extension to ".mozilla/plugins" directory which is in your home directory. Here ".mozilla" will be hidden in your home directory.If there is no "plugins" folder then create and copy that file in that folder and restart the firefox.

Installing firefox-10.0.1.tar.bz2 in ubuntu 10.04/Linux|Installing firefox in linux|Installing latest version of firefox in linux/ubuntu|Installing firefox in ubuntu/linux

Installing firefox is much easier as it is available precompiled archived in .tar.bz2,you don't have to compile and then install it,you just have to download and extract it and run the executable file named as firefox and firefox will be opened for you. Below I have given a simple method to install the latest version of firefox in linux as follows:

1. Download the firefox from http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/fx.

2. Extract the file using terminal by typing command [tar -xvjf firefox-10.0.1.tar.bz2]. This will extract the contents in the current directory.

3. First method:Now right click on desktop and click on create a launcher and fill the 'type' as 'application',fill in the name as you want,In the command text box browse the path to the firefox file which is in the extracted file and then click on 'ok'. Now click on firefox and your firefox will launch.
     
   Second Method:  Reach to the firefox-10.0.1 directory which is made after
extracting and then type in terminal[./firefox]. This will launch firefox from current directory.
 

Graphics.h in Linux for C and C++|Graphics.h in ubuntu|graphics.h in Linux

Graphics.h in Linux for C and C++

Most of the students in Windows use graphics.h header file in there programs that are written in Borland TurboC. This is a reason that some don’t wanna migrate to Linux well there is a solution for that to. Just follow the steps that i did in Linux/ubuntu.

First install the gcc and g++ compiler by running sudo apt-get build-essential to install necessary compiler tools.

Then, install the following packages:
libsdl-image1.2
libsdl-image1.2-dev
guile-1.8
guile-1.8-dev
libsdl1.2debian-arts
libartsc0-dev
libaudiofile-dev
libesd0-dev
libdirectfb-dev
libdirectfb-extra
libfreetype6-dev
libxext-dev
x11proto-xext-dev
libfreetype6(upgrade)
libaa1
libaa1-dev
libslang2-dev
libasound2
libasound-dev

We can install them via Synaptic Package Manager(System->Administration->Synaptic Package Manager) one by one or you can type the following command in the terminal :
sudo apt-get install libsdl-image1.2 libsdl-image1.2-dev guile-1.8 guile-1.8-dev libsdl1.2debian-arts libartsc0-dev libaudiofile-dev libesd0-dev libdirectfb-dev libdirectfb-extra libfreetype6-dev libxext-dev x11proto-xext-dev libfreetype6(upgrade) libaa1 libaa1-dev libslang2-dev libasound2 libasound-dev

After this download libgraph-1.0.1 to your Home Folder.
Right click on it and press “Extract here”
Now type in the terminal
./configure
sudo make
sudo make install

This completes the installation.
You can compile your program like this:
g++ test.cpp -o test.o -lgraph
And execute the program by ./test.o

If on compile it gives u an error that says “could not load shared libraries” or something like that just run the following command and it should fix it
sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libgraph.* /usr/lib

An example program(to print a rectangle) :
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int gd=DETECT, gm=VGAMAX;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, 0);
//moveto(0, 0);
rectangle(50,50,500,200);
closegraph();
return 0;
}

If there are any problems please leave a comment.
You can also see videos posted by Reversehack,this is a very good and clean video you need not to read the above text if you have downloaded the video from here.

Resources: www.itsanimesh.com|http://www.youtube.com/user/ReverseHack

Installing Apache and Php from source in Linux

In this article you will learn how to install Apache and Php from source.If you are installing from binary files whether it is rpm or debian based then everything will be installed by default and you don't have to worry about inner details but if you are new to php and apache and I am assuming so,you should know some working details before going into programming. When I write this post I did not have any experience in php programming but I have installed php and apache from source but it has taken time. So I am here to solve your problem and give some details regarding inner working.So lets start to setup environment for php programming----

Installing Apache from source in any linux distribution:

I am using ubuntu 10.04(Lucid) for all compilation and installing in this tutorial. Before installing from source make sure that all tools required for installing is already installed on your linux system such as gcc compiler,make utility because all these tools are needed for installation from source.
I am using httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz ,extract it to the desired location and open the terminal and reach that location where you have extracted the httpd file.
Before proceeding further make a directory it is your installation directory where you will install apache,I am using "/home/tarun/apache" where all installed files will be stored.
After extracting a folder "httpd-2.2.17" will be made. Enter this folder using terminal.
Now follow these steps:

[] is used to differentiate commands from strings
Step 1:
[./configure --prefix="/home/tarun/apache" --enable-so] and press enter.
Here prefix option redirects the installation to your directory and second option enables shared library which I don't know as I am like you,we will learn as we will go on.
Other option are also available and to view them use command as [./configure --help].

Step 2:
If everythings goes fine without any error then proceed:
[make && make install]
if  your have read and write permission of your installation directory then you don't need to have root permission using sudo but if you don't have permission then use sudo before commands.Here I am assuming that you have some basic experience of any Linux OS.

Now check the folder now it contains files and folders.
Before moving further edit the httpd.conf file located in /home/tarun/apache/conf as follows:
Search for User & Group and set user to your name and group to your group.


Checking Apache installation:

Start the apache using this command and here you will need root permissions so use sudo as follows:
[sudo /home/tarun/apache/bin/apachectl start] and press enter Now open your browser and run http://localhost this will open by default html file for your server and will show positive results if installed correctly. By positive result means that the default html file is run correctly as default file may differ from one version to another. In my case default file shows "It Works" string if installed correctly.

Stop the server using command below:
[sudo /home/tarun/apache/bin/apachectl stop]



Php Installation in any Linux distribution from source:

Make a folder in your previous installation directory which will now be installtion directory for php and for this I am using "/home/tarun/apache/php".
As php is build to talk to many products and distribution so there are lots of option provided as in apache but here we will only configure those option which are sufficient for running php on your machine. So before going further extract the tar file on some location and reach to that php directory from terminal. Here I am using php-5.3.4.
So reach to php-5.3.4 in terminal where you have placed it and make sure you have reqired permission or you can use sudo to fulfill that.

Step 1:
[./configure --help] This will list the options available with php.

Step 2:
[./configure --with-apxs2=/home/tarun/apache/bin/apxs --prefix=/home/tarun/apache/php]
Here first option is for apache extension support for version 2,as previously said we will learn with use and second option directs the installation to specified directory.
If there is error regarding libxml2 then install the libxml library which is used to parse xml files as follows:

[sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev]

Step 3:
[make && make install]
Again I am specifying you should have permissions or other wise use sudo .

Now you have to edit certain text files so as to configure php as follows:
Now there are certain ini files in your php-5.3.4 which is source folder of php from where you have configured & installed php using configure and make commands and from which that particular ini file is to be copied to /usr/local/lib and rename it as php.ini.
[ls -l php*] will list files starting with php as follows:

-rw-r--r-- 1 tarun tarun  1489 2011-12-30 00:10 php5.spec
-rw-r----- 1 tarun tarun  1489 2007-09-26 21:14 php5.spec.in
-rw-r----- 1 tarun tarun  2523 2006-03-07 00:40 php.gif
-rw-r----- 1 tarun tarun 68760 2010-12-08 05:23 php.ini-development
-rw-r----- 1 tarun tarun 68990 2010-12-08 05:23 php.ini-production

Here we are interested in php.ini-development file and copy it to /usr/local/lib and rename it to as php.ini
Edit this file with the editor you want whether you are using gedit or nano or vim but the condition is that you should know how it works.[gedit php.ini] after reaching /usr/local/lib.
So search for "include" in that file until you find something like this:

Before Modification-----------

; UNIX: "/path1:/path2"
;include_path = ".:/php/includes"
;
; Windows: "\path1;\path2"
;include_path = ".;c:\php\includes"
;
; PHP's default setting for include_path is ".;/path/to/php/pear"
; http://php.net/include-path

Here lines starting with ; are comments,so according to our requirement we will add this line as follows:

After Modification-----------

; UNIX: "/path1:/path2"
;include_path = ".:/php/includes"
;
#Modified by Tarun_Chawla on 4 jan 2012
include _path ="/home/tarun/apache/php"
; Windows: "\path1;\path2"
;include_path = ".;c:\php\includes"
;
; PHP's default setting for include_path is ".;/path/to/php/pear"
; http://php.net/include-path

Now edit some apache files,move to /home/tarun/apache/conf/ and edit the httpd.conf in this directory.
[gedit httpd.conf]
Search for "php" until you find this line as follows:

# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
LoadModule php5_module        modules/libphp5.so
#

And modify it to :

# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
LoadModule php5_module        /home/tarun/apache/modules/libphp5.so
LoadModule php5_module        modules/libphp5.so
#

Now search for "AddType" until you see this as follows:

# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
 
And modify it as follows so that apache recognizes .php and .phps as php files,.phps file when opened with apache will open php source file without compiling this will used for debugging purposes and .php files will be treated as php files and php will interpret them as required.

# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
     Addtype application/x-httpd-php .php 
     Addtype application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
    #

There is another section you will have to look through,search for "index" in httpd.conf until you find these lines which follow as:

</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>

After Modification:

</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>

This is done so when your computer is accessed remotely as a server index.html or index.php will serve them according to the order in which you have written the names.
Now save the files and exit.

Start the apache server as:
[sudo /home/tarun/apache/bin/apachectl start] or restart if it is already running as [sudo /home/tarun/apache/bin/apachectl restart].

Now check your server which ready with php support as follows:

make a text file as hello.php in so path will be like this /home/tarun/apache/htdocs/hello.php and paste the following code below in it :

<html>
<head>
<title>
This is our first php script</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php 
phpinfo();
?>  

</body>

</html>

Now go to your browser and run http://localhost/hello.php
It will show the details regarding php installation and version.

If any problem persists write down here I will be pleased to help you.

Setting Environment variable for java in ubuntu/Linux

To set environment variable for java proceed as follows:
Firstly goto oracle website and download java development tool kit which is of .bin extension.
Here I am using jdk-6u23-i586.bin file which is downloaded by me .Copy it onto Desktop,open the terminal and do the folllowing:
tarun@chawla~$cd Desktop
tarun@chawla~/Desktop$sudo chmod +x jdk-6u23-i586.bin
tarun@chawla~/Desktop$./jdk-6u23-i586
A screen shot is given below

After that a directory with some files will be created on your Desktop let call this directory as jdk1.6_23.
Now you have to add the  jdk1.6_23/bin path to PATH enviroment variable as follows.
All executables files are stored in  a directory somewhere which act as a command for you,when you type the file name and press enter it executes.For ex you type mkdir command for making directory,actually mkdir is a executable file stored at some place in directory such as /usr/bin.
Environment Path variable are used to locate commands ,the path for these commands is stored in PATH variable. Now you have to add that jdk/bin path to PATH variable.I have put jdk files on my Desktop so absolute path here will be /home/tarun/Desktop/jdk1.6_23/bin,here tarun is my user name replace it with your username.
Now open the terminal and proceed as follows and this time you are in home directory by typing cd command:
tarun@chawla~$echo $PATH
tarun@chawla~$/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/home/tarun/apache/bin:/home/tarun/apache/man:/usr/local/lib/
tarun@chawla~$gedit .bashrc

.bashrc file will be opened which is a text file,and append following line to the file
PATH=$PATH:/home/tarun/Desktop/jdk1.6_23/bin/:
check your installation by opening terminal again after closing the previous one as follows:
tarun@chawla~$java -version

tarun@chawla~$java version "1.6.0_23"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_23-b05)
Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 19.0-b09, mixed mode)

If this comes as output then enjoy programming buddy.

And now save the .bashrc file.One thing can be considered here that you can put jdk1.6_23 folder any where at some other place and modify the path accordingly.

Playing Restricted formats in ubuntu such as MP3,DAT,MPEG etc

Initially when I installed ubuntu I was unable to play my favourite music because these formats such as mp3,mpeg are restricted if you want to play them you have to install some packages.

Sol 1 is to open the terminal and install vlc as follows as vlc supports all formats I have heared:

tarun@chawla:~$ sudo apt-get update
(skip this if you have already updated)

tarun@chawla:~$sudo apt-get install vlc

After terminal finishes vlc is intsalled,run those music files with vlc.

or installed ubuntu-restricted-extras package which packages most of the plugins and software required to run day to day licensed things.
To install it do as follows:
tarun@chawla:~$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
(after updating as above,if you have already updated skip updating).
Enjoy the day

Converting HTML files to PDF in ubuntu Linux

When you have downloaded any book in html then reading that book is cumbersome,
why don't you convert it into pdf.
Here it is:
htmldoc is a software available which supports both gui and terminal operation which converts HTML pages to PDF or PostScript formats as follows.
Reach the termial Applications->Accessories->Terminal.

before installing make sure that you are connected to Internet.
tarun@chawla:~$ sudo apt-get update
(skip this step if you had already  update)
tarun@chawla:~$sudo apt-get install htmldoc                                        
tarun@chawla:~$htmldoc

Initially you will feel some trouble but you will learn with two or three try just use it after all it has a Graphical User Interface(GUI).

Htmldoc